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Ǯѧɭͬѧôй

Ǯѧɭͬѧôй

 ߣQ   

QһʸGOONǰǮ˵״󣬶ҳϡҵʱΪȻҲûʲô˵ 

״󣬶GOON˵ܳûǮ׳ɹȻǮʱ͵ļѾüģGOON˵ȴѵõı 

ڿζ־ϵƬΣǮҳϾ˽ĸˡʵȥģΪȫɵĵûͨ޷ҲûнʧԺΨһѡǻйȥ 

ֵʱҪǮݽֻ治ԸؼȥGOONѡǮ5ԺҲΪ˽ļѾʧȥеıֵܼϻ˳ǮغսеļսǮ뼮ûеóѵʧӣҡһΪߣҳϡˡ 


****************************** 

Quote from Aviation Weekժܿ 

"He was seeking U.S. citizenship at the time. Ǯѧɭʱ 

Apparently insulted, Qian first responded to the loss of his security clearance by trying to return to China, but he was stopped by the government, which wanted to keep his knowledge of U.S. secrets inside the U.S. Then both sides changed their minds. The immigration service sought to deport him, regardless of the fears of other agencies, and Qian tried to stay, apparently determined to clear his name. 

Qians attempt to stay almost certainly proves he wasnt, in fact, interested in working for China. By that time he could have best done so by going home with his expertise and U.S. secrets. Without a security clearance, it was unlikely he could achieve much for China by staying in the U.S. 

The immigration service won its case against Qian, but the government still hesitated to send him back. After years in limbo, the scientist himself decided again to go home and sought help to do so from the Chinese government, which secured U.S. agreement as part of negotiations over Korean War prisoners. 

His reluctant return was hardly a patriotic act, but that was, and still is, overlooked in the official Chinese view of history. As recently as 2003, the Xinhua news agency, recounting his story, reported blandly: In 1955, six years after the founding of New China, Qian Xuesen returned to the motherland. 

It turned out that some of the U.S. fears of sending Qian back may have been exaggerated. First, the secrets that he knew were at least five years old by the time of his return, and that was an era of rapidly changing technology. 

Second, no single scientist or engineer can have more than a fraction of the knowledge needed to design space launchers or missiles. So he could only be a leader, not a one-man rocket builder. Indeed, his role turned out to be that of administrator of the Chinese space program. Moreover, Chang wrote that in many cases he told his questioning comrades that the technical answers they needed had already been published; they needed only to look up the right book, often an American one."

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ʲô
˾xʹɞܣ˾вxăA䣬ʹɞҪһһ᲼Reinhold niebuhr

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̵֪ĺĻܣһǮѧɭֵ5½սʦɰһǹˣҲܷغɫйȥ
ֱȡƭһѡ

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"治Ըؼȥ"
"Ҳûн"
ì,Ժٷ,
Ϊ
쿴,ǮʱסĻ60ש,100ƽ,
˼ʮꡢΤȤ֤λä礯ʤꡣ

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Ǯͬѧ£Լѳ

Լȷʾ뿪DZ(deport)ģɹ涨Dzȥġƽ̤

ˣͷҲϵ뿪DZ(deport)ģɹ涨Dzȥġƽ̤

ֻû뵽ʱڽ뼮롣

ԭư±Ĭ

ҸΪʱʱ൱ʧߣټ㣬͵شˡȻǮͬѧԴ˹ڻҲǺ˼еζ198539ոϼŶԴʮ̹׵Ļش𣺡ұ˲ȥʵȥ֤ʵȫĶⲻӦ¡磬Ҳһģ1935뿪ǰҾϺͬѧµԱͬ־֤ѧɻصҾعԼ£1949׼áΪǴǴ⣬ҲܳĬʷ

λȫ෴ìܵ˼ǡԸ뿪ǡ뿪Ѱζ

ȻǷdzһʷ

˵ϣһ汾ġôڵйֻһ

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̵֪ĺĻܣһǮѧɭֵ5½սʦɰһǹˣҲܷغɫйȥ

òÿ˶֪
~~nоԿգ촨bӳͫСϪȪӳʣɽuһ~~~

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md ˾Ȼ˵й

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ظ 6# ciliren

£Կַ磬GCD仰ǮҪԣ˵ʱıDzP϶ô仰ǮҪԸʧȥΪ˽ΰҵġ

[ big_jackass 2009-11-2 12:16 ༭ ]

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ĿĴﵽ ˫

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ӢĿϧˣ

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˼ϸôһﶼϷ˵ʲôãһǵijɾֱӵеĹûжٸʱ۸֪

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ôйϾǮѧɭıйλáû˵ڵйʲôӡǮľdzţˡ

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С֪ǮϣﻹǺܾη


 

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̳ǮͯЬ

Ǯѧɭ


http://www.duping.net/XHC/show.php?bbs=11&post=988462


˵ǮһıЧӣ̺дŵķʽʲôйʮսս˵ǮʦԸǹֱ죬ǮȻǰĿеĴż

һֱͺͬ鰮֪࣬Ǯ49ʱҪƵѪҶǵ˽⣬ǻ˵ҥʵȷ䣬ǻѡʧɸɴİ׵ԺżȻżɵBȻɵB

ľġлոճãǮȴʱĸֵݽ뼮롣ս˸нרȺԱΪ֡˲20ĵ¹ܱܿϣգȻ󷢶սֻܵˡ

ǮʱĪıFBI˹ԱΪѾμpartypartyFBIǮͻعĶзһЩϣǽ15죬֤ݲ㣬ֻýͷš

Ǯеʮ衣ӵһsecurity clearanceҷȫȨ޺ˣôĸ߼оԱԲоdzôһºİȫȨޱ㱻ˡǮߣԣҲǵԱֻŮҫᣡ䴿YYһͬʵɺϣİȫȨ޻ûлҲңңڡ

ʵFBIߵĶ˾򣬻Ǯ⣬ͣоȨޣǴѧְ񡢹֮Ķûб䶯֮û£ٰȨ޻ǮˡǮʱܲԼôţBˣôûsecurity clearanceأôԱأôԻأǮ15꣬ѧɾȷʵܸߣȴûѧᷨĹһ˵ǰйˣFBI󾪣յİȫȨޣҪعأĪǵԱĸɻǮΪΪηDZӣȻ֤ݲ㣬û⵽ߣȴFBI5ꡣ

Ǯ˵ҪعҲֻѣͬµȰ˵£ԡclear his nameǮк˭֪۾ڲìܡ˵ǮûӦ˵Ǯվ»ܣԲܷ뿪Ҫй϶Ǿ˵һʱҵ¶ô֣øƻƣֶǶɲƨֽҲֻõ¸߰ͷͬǮǮ緢Ļص˼ĺ

ǮȻعҲûи˴ֳ֪ʶȽЧĹʹйо˲޵п˺ų̈סɼܷϣϲԭӵûʲôϵģԭӵ˸ġ˿̽ģˮӦ¯ͻ˸ģҹܲҪ֪ʶȨԭӵܻѿܳ40ԲС󣬺˱ǰ3000˾һˡ

˿׷ĪFBIĬĬˮ֪ˣα˵ǹ־¶ԼƨϵûУǻŲƨֽʹļ׵ĺ˵ʦĵǼɵBǣԩˣ³Ե˰ɣڷdzʱһҳ˵Ǯ˽֤ͨݲ֣һֱ顣ǽ£ȴ˴۾

Ǯ뿪֮󣬺þö¹ʽʵڱûšȥԼĻȴĶойһ3000ˡɵˣֹ5ʦ300ԭӵ70ǮֳʲôоĻ᳤

Ǯʹˣ˵Ҳʼͷˡ˵Լdzعģ˵ԼDZģƽʵѾǮ˵Լǰ͸µˣѧɺһЧ49ʱͿʼع׼һȴ˵ֲ֣FBIҲȻˣԭСӻǹҲûԩѽ

ȻˣǮ˵ⱲӼȥԼĶȴͳͳ͵ȥˡ⵹ǸǵĹͺսʿͦģƽʱ˵ԼЩɵB࣬һؼʱͳգ٣ȫˡ

ǮװǰйDzǹԼĻDZһ߻ģЩĴֻԼ֪ˣ˼һϽܲɷãԸд¼չ˰ǵײȥˡ

йʢװBԼϲɵBꡣ

ôõǮѧɭһˣΪ˰Ѽʮǰ¸סñѡѻǺԲģһСľҪԼһ⡣

дɰˣӢ¿ͷۻ

He applied for U.S. citizenship in 1949. Iris Chang, Thread of the silkworm (New York, 1995),143. http://chinsci.bokee.com/viewdiary.12875023.html

Soon after Tsien applied for U.S. citizenship in 1950, allegations were made that he was a communist and his security clearance was revoked. http://american-tigress.blog.sohu.com/72953458.html

He was seeking U.S. citizenship at the time. Apparently insulted, Qian first responded to the loss of his security clearance by trying to return to China, but he was stopped by the government, which wanted to keep his knowledge of U.S. secrets inside the U.S. Then both sides changed their minds. The immigration service sought to deport him, regardless of the fears of other agencies, and Qian tried to stay, apparently determined to clear his name. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=space&id=news/aw010708p1.xml

Ǯѧɭʽӵƹίҿί⽻ҵʾԺȷʾˣͷҲϵ뿪DZ(deport)ģɹ涨Dzȥġƽ̤ԣ˸ٸߵǮѧɭҲϡǮ˵й˵ǮѧɭΪңΪ˵£ǾߵĽͣҲϡЩͷΣ

Ǯѧɭ198539ոҹԺһλ쵼ͬ־ŶԴʮ̹׵Ļش𣺡ұ˲ȥʵȥ֤ʵȫĶⲻӦ¡磬Ҳһģ1935뿪ǰҾϺͬѧµԱͬ־֤ѧɻصҾعԼ£1949׼áΪǴǴ⣬ҲܳĬʷǮѧɭϱֳƷǽdzеġ߶ȵġĺڡ http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2008-01-23/1012482481.html

ϯλǮѧɭͬѧңǧдκλᴥŭǮѧɭĶܷ

˵׾ܾһ߾ܳУѽҲ޷ֲ͸¶ʱǮѧɭڼҪõأFrank MarbleڣɳɣPasadenaμʽ佱[УŲLee Du BridgeͳĿѧ˹Frank Press෽Э̣Ǯѧɭ]ǮѧɭDzϻȥŴ硶˿ http://club.cat898.com/newbbs/printpage.asp?BoardID=1&ID=2049469
ٿѧίλϣǮѧɭΪµĿѧ𣿡ı棬ָ۶ּյ·ȥ̽ǣܵһ͵µĿѧҲDZȣͳѧ۸ĿѧںڽеIJֻһѧһĻڸУǮѧɭѺҫڹԶ˷칦ܵоϸߵĦŴѧС˵һΣԵԱ֤칦ģǼٵģٵģƭ˵ģDz칦ܡ Ϳй칦ܶʮꣻοˣҫ칦ܣ

ãǮѧɭĹ£廪ѧΪ׵һȺѧЩС칦ܺµ˵˴ĿѧоģЩĶйһѧȻ־ϡȽĴųۣԭȵ֤ʵЩöֵĺӸͨСĴųһ֤ʵöֵ칦ܡڶµġ2000ﳬʷоƪġ顷ϣʱйЭϯǮѧɭд˸Ϊ״ȷʵ޿ɱ粵֤ԲӴʶӰʣı״ǰδеĹԣӦʱȫй˵ijɾͣͿǻ飩 http://www.kxwsl.com/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=2148

Ǯѧɭʵķ

ǴѧŵԿ

ı棬Ϊҽ칦һҽǾܷ϶˵ģһ˲ϡȻ𽥸ơο칦ܣ

漰ȫһµоʹҵһѴѧŵԿסҪ˺￴һӵϵͳһźţͿԼȥһΪźŽϢ붼СǵԺССϢ뷨ˡΪҽоķչDzܹҽѧΪûзչزǵҽûҽɡԭ⵹¶ˡǣҽҲܾ䶼šΪҽDzǸʱϵͳʶǽǰҪ˿һϵͳϵͳʶķȥ⡣

ԭ˵ҽ칦ܵȶָ˶ԣԽѧĸˣѧӦڶֲӦڹҵũҵ

ⷽ棬˲ٵĹ˾棬˴⣬л塣ǿԸ֮ʹ֮ѧ磬ʲôˣûнڵĹܲһߣǣûץʵʡҲ˵شоǿһЩ󣬵ûšҪŬ

עǮѧɭڹ˺ɭϢƷҽִķԡ

ժǮѧɭѧִƼչݺ̸119-120ҳ

⼸йڵĽ·ߵĹҫ£ܣ緢ڹҵսߡũҵսϣȡ˺ܴijɾͣر1958Ծͬһ豸ϣ౶ϷԾķչҲͳһµĿѧ⣬Ҫѧȥһ⣬ũҵ߶еѧ⡣

Ƕ֪ѧǴеƵģǴٷɻģǴˮģôũҵ߶Ҳѧأ

Ҫ˵һ㣬ǵȼһҹƽγȵĵطһ֮ÿһĶϵж̫档øֵλ֡ѡôˮͶ̼̼ˮĽ㣬ΪֲˮͶ̼ۺά̼ˮġһ£һһĶϵ⣬һۺԼ94̼ˮֲ̫Чǰٷ֮٣ôλӦ֣94ȻߵֲҶ̫Чʲǰٷ֮٣Ҳ1/6˵λʵԼ15.6ֲ۵ʣֻһʳ񵾡һĹԼռһ룬λʳӦ7.8˵ȫʮ춼졣Ϊʧ25%ôʳĶӦ5.85˵Ҫȫ궼ůųҲҪٴһ2/3ۿۣôƽĶ3.9ˡ

ͬļҲƿٷľ֡൱ʳҲÿÿĶϵĻ۵ľdzȫ궼ÿĶصĻ۵ľ5.85Ҷ3.9ľʵģÿ900㡣ôȫ궼ijÿĶÿԻľ63ףҶÿĶÿԻľ43ס

19595ڡ֪ʶ־Ǯѧɭũҵеѧ⡷

ҾÿѧԾҪ˷ˣȫܵ.....ˣǾӦð۹ԶЩũҵչҪʮԺȫũҵԱǡȥڵ쵼£ɽڿѧоӦ׼ʱǾܸȥһϣСΪһѧ˵Ǵǡ

ôһdzˣǵһλϣ̫ж١˵һ̫ڵϣֻհСʱһʮ죬Сʱ̫ȥֻ1%תΪֲЧõܣܰˮͶ̼תΪۣôͿһĶԼǧнĵۡ

1958429աձ߰ͷйѧԺѧо ǮѧɭӼǻΨһð취

ʢ֮ͼƬһ

ǰȥôҡװˣ𳵻С

ǽɽũһ衣ǵũ˫ֺͶУǸʳ

ʮй걨һϷĶǧһԺжĶŷֵƽÿĶǧʮС

ܸǵʳ

ѧļǣԶúܣͨũĴũҵѧߵŬͻƽ÷ɼΪũҵռ޾ÿ굥λϵ̫ܣܻũƷҪڵķ߳ܶࡣһ㣺ÿ䵽һĶϵ̫ܵ30%ֲõIJֲ֣Щ̫ܰѿĶ̼ˮԼϣԼʵٰ֮һǿɳԵʳôÿIJͲڵǧǧ20౶

Ⲣǿ̸һʡЩرҪһĶһʮ߲ˡ˵߲˲ʳĶһʮ

ԣֻҪбҪˮϵȵǵIJϴ죬IJûġ߱ͻᴴ컹ûУһУ

1958616աй걨ѧǮѧɭ¡ʳĶж٣

 

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תWIKIٿ
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Qian (Tsien).
Qian Xuesen


Born December 11, 1911(1911-12-11)
Hangzhou, China
Died October 31, 2009 (aged 97)
Beijing, China

Fields Aeronautics
Institutions California Institute of Technology
Alma mater Jiao Tong University
California Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisor Theodore von Krmn
Known for Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Qian Xuesen (simplified Chinese: Ǯѧɭ; traditional Chinese: XWɭ; pinyin: Qin Xusn; Wade-Giles: Tsien Hsue-shen) (11 December 1911 C 31 October 2009) was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs of both the United States and People's Republic of China. NASA documents commonly refer to him as H.S. Tsien.[1]

During the 1940s Qian was one of the founders of Jet Propulsion Laboratory[2] at the California Institute of Technology. During the red scare of the 1950s the United States government accused Qian of having communist sympathies. Qian was wrongfully imprisoned[3] at Terminal Island[4]. Stripped of his security clearance, Qian decided to go back to China. After being under house arrest for 5 years, from 1950-55, Qian was released in exchange for the return of US pilots captured during the Korean war. Notified by U.S. authorities that he was free to go, Qian immediately arranged to go back to China in September of 1955 on American President Lines, Pres. Cleveland via Hong Kong. He returned to China and led the Chinese rocket program, and became known as the "Father of Chinese Rocketry" (or "King of Rocketry").

Asteroid 3763 Qianxuesen was named after him


Career in the United States
In 1943, Qian and two others in the Caltech rocketry group drafted the first document to use the name Jet Propulsion Laboratory; it was a proposal to the Army to develop missiles in response to Germany's V-2 rocket. This led to the Private A, which flew in 1944, and later the Corporal, the WAC Corporal, etc.

During the Second World War, he was amongst many scientists who participated in the "Manhattan Project".[citation needed]

After World War II he served under von Krmn as a consultant to the United States Army Air Force, and was eventually given the "assimilated rank of colonel". Von Krmn and Qian were sent by the Army to Germany to investigate the progress of wartime aerodynamics research. Qian investigated research facilities and interviewed German scientists such as Wernher von Braun and Rudolph Hermann.[5] Von Krmn wrote of Qian, At the age of 36, he was an undisputed genius whose work was providing an enormous impetus to advances in high-speed aerodynamics and jet propulsion.[2] Aviation week named Qian its Person of the Year in 2007, and commented on his interrogation of von Braun

"No one then knew that the father of the future U.S. space program was being quizzed by the father of the future Chinese space program."[6]

During this time, Colonel Qian worked on designing an intercontinental space plane Tsien Space Plane 1949. His work would inspire the X-20 Dyna-Soar which would later be the inspiration for the Space Shuttle.


Jiang Ying in 1947In 1947 Qian Xuesen married Jiang Ying (Ӣ), a famed opera singer and the daughter of Jiang Baili () - one of Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek's leading military strategists, and his Japanese wife.

In 1949, Qian became the first Director of the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center at Caltech [7].

Soon after Qian applied for U.S. citizenship in 1949, allegations were made that he was a communist and his security clearance was revoked. The Federal Bureau of Investigation located a 1938 US Communist Party document with his name on it. Qian found himself unable to pursue his career and within two weeks announced plans to return to China. After his announcement, the U.S. government imprisoned him on the isolated island off Long Beach. Undersecretary of the Navy Dan Kimball tried to keep Qian in the U.S., commenting: "It was the stupidest thing this country ever did. He was no more a Communist than I was, and we forced him to go."[8]

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time he lived under virtual house arrest. Qian found himself in conflict with the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, including an arrest for carrying secret documents which ultimately turned out to be simple logarithmic tables. During his incarceration Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech including Caltech President Lee DuBridge, who flew to Washington to argue Qian's case. Caltech appointed attorney Grant Cooper to defend Qian. Later, Cooper would say, "That the government permitted this genius, this scientific genius, to be sent to Communist China to pick his brains is one of the tragedies of this century."[9]


Return to China
In 1955 Qian was released and deported from the United States together with his wife and their two American-born children as a part of post-Korean war negotiations to free American prisoners of war held by China. He went to work as head of the Chinese missile program immediately upon his arrival in China. Qian deliberately left his research papers behind when he left the United States. Qian joined the Communist Party of China in 1958.

Qian established the Institute of Mechanics and began to retrain Chinese engineers in the techniques he had learned in the United States and retool the infrastructure of the Chinese program. Within a year Qian submitted a proposal to the PRC government to establish a ballistic missile program. This proposal was accepted and Qian was named the first director of the program in late 1956. By 1958 Qian had finalized the plans of the Dongfeng missile which was first successfully launched in 1964 just prior to China's first successful nuclear weapons test. Qian's program was also responsible for the development of the widespread Silkworm missile. Qian also contributed a great deal to the PRC's state of Higher Education. He was the first Chairman of the Department of Mechanics of University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), a new type of university established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) after the founding of PRC and aimed at fostering high-level personnel of science and technology necessary for the development of the national economy, national defense construction, and education in science and technology.

In 1979 Qian was awarded Caltech's Distinguished Alumni Award. In the early 1990s the filing cabinets containing Qian's research work were offered to him by Caltech. At first Qian refused but was finally convinced by his former colleagues to accept the work. Most of these works became the foundation for the Qian Library at Xi'an Jiaotong University while the rest went to the Institute of Mechanics. Qian eventually received his award from Caltech, and with the help of his friend Frank Marble brought it to his home in a widely-covered ceremony. Qian was also invited to visit the US after the normalization of Sino-US relationship. But he refused the invitation because the US government only offered a compensation without apology for his detainment.

Qian retired in 1991 and maintained a low public profile in Beijing, China.

The PRC government launched its manned space program in 1992 and used Qian's research as the basis for the Long March rocket which successfully launched the Shenzhou V mission in October 2003. The elderly Qian was able to watch China's first manned space mission on television from his hospital bed.

Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, in his novel 2010: Odyssey Two, named a Chinese spaceship after him.

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ȥûȥɣֻзй
ôǵأ

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:
йʢװBԼϲɵBꡣ
ǣëǾǣ

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ֻ֪Ǯשԡѧ֤ĶѧҵǧǧšԾߵġѧԡоΪӣ

[ wolovea4u 2009-11-2 20:58 ༭ ]

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Ժٷ,ǮйĹ׾Ǻܴģ׿˵ΪһЩ˺òá

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ѽǮʦѽ````

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Ǻ, ijЩ˾. Ǯ϶йԼķչĹ˿ɱȵ. ˵ǮϵļѾµ, ˵Ǯ϶Ӷȥɶ. й絼64ɹ, 70һ˵ȵЩ, ЩɾͶڵʱйսϵ˵Ҫ. ĨɱǮɵĹ, ֻ˵ĨɱʷһĿЦ...
 

:
ԭ ն 2009-11-2 21:10
Ժٷ,ǮйĹ׾Ǻܴģ׿˵ΪһЩ˺òá

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ٱ`~

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ûҪö

Ϊй˳޷ﵽĹ

ȻãҲȥǮϸѧԸʲô߼֮أ

ھû

ǮʥˣϻعЧα˵˼DZأ

㲻ˣйǮҲǰԷﲻмֵ
Ҫĵ

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Ǻ, ɶ. ڲ, ֻҪΪĶDzʲô...

P.S. ôеĻʱһ...

:
ԭ 88414 2009-11-3 02:36
Ϊй˳޷ﵽĹ

ȻãҲȥǮϸѧԸʲô߼֮أ

ھû

ǮʥˣϻعЧα˵˼DZأ

...

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ǮʱлѽΪɶҪͶأѽ

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