“促进自由与民主报告”登上了Google热榜，而搜索结果中没有真正的《促进自由与民主报告》。原始来源：http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/afdr/2010/eap/129762.htm
China (includes Tibet)
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Advancing Freedom and Democracy Reports, May 2010
Introduction
The following information reports U.S. Government priorities and
activities of the U.S. mission in China to promote democracy and human
rights. For background on China's human rights conditions, please see
the 2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the International
Religious Freedom Reports at www.state.gov.
Part 1: U.S. Government Democracy Objectives
The United States will continue to urge China to adhere to its
international obligations, to international human rights standards, and
to protect its citizens' constitutional rights by advocating for reform,
promoting universal norms of civil liberties and raising individual
cases of concern. Key programmatic elements aim to promote the rule of
law and protect civil and minority rights, strengthen the judicial
system, improve public participation and transparency in governance,
bolster civil society, expand religious freedom, and preserve minority
communities and culture.
The United States employs multiple diplomatic and public diplomacy
strategies to promote human rights and democracy in China, all of which
emphasize that progress in these areas is in China's interest. U.S.
officials publicly and privately urge the government to bring its human
rights practices into compliance with international standards, to make
systemic reforms, and to release political prisoners and prisoners of
conscience. The United States encourages the government to strengthen
China's judicial system and judicial independence, and strengthen the
rule of law; encourage democratic political reform; promote freedom of
religion and the press; protect human rights, including the rights of
workers, women, and ethnic and religious minority groups; improve
transparency in governance; and strengthen civil society.
The United States publicly and privately urges the government to
distinguish carefully between those seeking to express peaceful
political dissent and those engaged in terrorism. The U.S. has expressed
to the Chinese government its concern over the treatment of Uighur
Muslims forcibly returned from Cambodia where they were seeking asylum.
U.S. officials also press the government not to repatriate forcibly
North Korean refugees, and to allow UNHCR officials access to this
vulnerable population. The United States urges the government to put an
end to coercive elements of its birth limitation program.
Part 2: Supporting Top Priorities and Other Aspects of Human Rights and
Democratic Governance
In May 2010 the United States and China held a formal bilateral Human
Rights Dialogue. Among other topics, U.S. officials emphasized how the
impartial application of an objective body of law, without political
interference, could help the country address the challenges it faces in
creating a more just and stable society.
As part of its efforts to promote legal reform, promote progress on the
rule of law, and encourage judicial independence, the United States
funds projects designed to provide legal technical assistance, assist
efforts to reform China's criminal code, strengthen legal education,
support judicial independence, improve access to legal representation,
and enable average citizens to find the information necessary to seek
protection under the law. For example, a U.S.-supported project provides
training for prosecutors to bring trial skills up to international
standards, and complementary projects focus on techniques for defense
attorneys. Another program has facilitated engagement by a U.S. federal
prosecutor with China's legal academic community and government in order
to encourage criminal justice reform. This U.S. official lectures at
government training institutions and universities, as well as directly
at courts and prosecutors' offices, on issues ranging from search and
seizure to compelling witness testimony at trial, and participates in
international and domestic anticorruption conferences.
U.S. officials coordinate programs for federal and state judges and
other legal experts to discuss trial and criminal procedure reform,
discovery and evidence rules, prison reform, and other rule of law
issues with judges, lawyers, officials, and academics. The U.S.
Government also supports a partnership between U.S. and Chinese
universities to help promote legal and justice system reform; to enhance
the rule of law; and to improve access to legal representation for
disenfranchised populations. The U.S. Speakers Program supports these
efforts by sponsoring U.S. speakers to discuss rule of law issues
throughout China. Approximately one-third of all Chinese citizens who
participated in U.S. government-sponsored professional exchange programs
worked in democracy and rights-related fields or in areas related to
religion. U.S. sponsored rule of law programs include opportunities for
legal scholars to undertake independent, advanced research at U.S.
universities, and for U.S. professors to teach at top law schools and
lecture at leading legal training institutions in the country.
The United States supports programs to increase popular participation in
government and foster the development of local elections. U.S. programs
support grassroots democratization efforts through training elected
village officials and deputies to local legislatures. The U.S.
government supports projects that increase the capacity of independent
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to address civil society and
governance issues, expand access for marginalized citizens to legal
services, and enable citizens to provide input individually and
collectively into public decisions. U.S. officials frequently raise
concerns with the Chinese government over restrictions on NGOs,
emphasizing the important contributions NGOs can make in developing a
vibrant civil society.
The U.S. government supports seminars and training on international
standards of free expression, reaching out to journalists, lawyers,
judges, and lawmakers. Visiting U.S. officials regularly discuss the
need for greater Internet and press freedom with Chinese counterparts.
U.S. officials also repeatedly raise the cases of detained journalists
and citizens in public remarks and in private meetings with senior
government officials. U.S. officials work with Internet portals and
media organizations to expand the nature and quality of discussion on
many topics including trade, clean energy development, and the U.S.
electoral process.
The United States promotes compliance with internationally recognized
labor standards. U.S. officials also monitor compliance with the 1992
U.S.-China Memorandum of Understanding and 1994 Statement of Cooperation
that prohibits the importation of products of prison labor, but they
receive very limited cooperation from the government. U.S. officials
also investigate allegations of forced and child labor. The Chinese
government, through the All China Women's Federation, works with the
International Labor Organization to prevent trafficking of women and
children for labor exploitation.
The United States supports programs to combat human trafficking and
promote HIV/AIDS education. The United States and the Chinese government
conduct exchanges on coal mine safety and occupational safety pursuant
to a Letter of Understanding, and exchanges on wage and hour
administration, law enforcement, and pension security. The United States
funds programs that support technical cooperation on dispute resolution
and help develop the capacity of local organizations involved in rights
protection and legal aid for workers.
TIBET
Within the framework of our recognition that Tibet is part of China,the
United States has urged the Chinese government to enter into substantive
dialogue with the representatives of the Dalai Lama toaddress issues
concerning religious freedom and protection of Tibetan culture andto
advocate vigorously for improvements in the human rights and religious
freedom conditions in the Tibet Autonomous Region and other Tibetan
areas of China. The United States consistently presses for unfettered
access to the region by journalists, diplomats, and other international
observers, and calls for the release of all prisoners of conscience, and
for the proper treatment of all detainees. U.S. officials continue
publicly to urge China to end repressive policies that played a role in
triggering the recent unrest. U.S. government officials at all levels
continue to raise individual human rights cases involving Tibetans,
including the status of Gendun Choekyi Nyima, the boy recognized by the
Dalai Lama as the Panchen Lama. The U.S. Government seeks to expand
exchanges with Tibetans resident in China, including government
officials and religious leaders, through the International Visitor
Leadership Program and other exchange opportunities.
以下是部分段落经过修改的机器翻译：
介绍
下列信息报告美国政府的做法和美国在中国促进民主和人权发展的活动的天职。
第1部分：美国政府的民主目标
美国将继续敦促中国遵守其国际义务、达到国际人权的正常水平，并保护其公民的改革主张的宪法权利，通过促进公民自由的普遍准则，提高关心独立个案。主要方
案内容的目的是促进法治和保护公民权利和少数民族权利，加强司法系统，提高公众参与和施政的透明度，改善民间团体，扩大宗教自由，维护少数民族群落和文
化。
美国采用多种外交和公共外交策略，促进中国人权和民主，所有这些都强调，在这些领域取得进展是中国的利益。美国官员公开和私下敦促政府，使之符合国际正常
的人权做法，施行系统性改革（systemic
reforms），并释放政治犯和良心犯。美国鼓励政府加强中国的司法制度和司法独立，加强法治，促进民主的政治改革，促进宗教和新闻自由，保护人权，包
括工人、妇女的权利，种族和宗教少数群体，提高施政的透明度，以及改善民间团体。
美国公开和私下敦促政府仔细区分那些寻求和平表达不同政见和从事恐怖主义活动的人。美国已经向中国政府表示了对强行使在柬埔寨寻求庇护的维吾尔穆斯林遣返
回国的人待遇表示关切。美国官员还敦促政府不要强行遣返北朝鲜难民，并允许难民署官员访问这个弱势群体。美国敦促政府停止其限制生育计划强制性内容。
第2部分：支持最重要优先项目和人权和民主管理的其他方面
2010年5月美国和中国举行正式双边人权对话。在其他议题中，美国官员强调，一个客观、公正、不受政治干扰的法律，可以如何帮助该国应对挑战，创造一个
更加公正和社会稳定的面貌。
作为其努力促进法律改革的一部分，推动法治的进步，并鼓励司法独立，美国资金的项目，旨在提供法律技术援助，协助努力改革中国的刑法，加强法制教育，支持
司法独立，改善获得法律代表，使普通公民了解必要的信息，寻求法律保护。例如，美国支持的项目提供了检察官的培训，使审判技能，达到国际标准，补充项目的
辩护律师对技术的焦点。另一个方案是促进了美国与中国的法律学术界和政府的联邦检察官的参与，以鼓励刑事司法改革。这在美国政府官员的讲座培训机构和大
学，以及直接在法院和检察官办公室，就广泛的问题从搜索和扣押，以令人信服的证人在审讯中的证词，并在国际和国内的反腐败会议的参与。
美国联邦官员和国家法官和其他法律专家的协调方案，以讨论和刑事审判程序改革，发现和证据规则，监狱改革，法官的法律问题与其他规则，律师，官员和学者。
美国政府还支持美国与中合作伙伴关系的大学，以帮助促进法律和司法系统的改革，加强法治，改善获得的被剥夺权利的人民的法律代表。美国发言计划支持美国资
助的发言者，讨论整个中国的法治问题的这些努力。大约三分之一的所有谁在美国政府主办的专业交流，民主和人权有关的领域或相关领域的工作方案，以宗教参加
中国公民。美国的法律方案赞助规则包括法律学者的机会来接手美国大学的独立，先进的研究，以及美国教授前往著名的法律培训机构在顶部法学院和演讲在该国。
美国支持方案，以提高政府的民意参与和促进发展的地方选举。美国计划通过培训支持基层民主选举村干部的努力和当地议会代表。美国政府支持的项目，增加独立
的（非政府组织），以解决民间社会和非政府组织的能力，管理问题，扩大为边缘化的公民获得法律服务，使市民提供投入单独和集体into大众的决定。美国官
员经常提出的关于非政府组织限制了中国政府的关注，强调了重要贡献的非政府组织能在蓬勃发展的民间社会。
美国政府支持的研讨会和言论自由的国际标准的培训，接触的记者，律师，法官和立法者。来访的美国官员经常讨论的更大的互联网和新闻的自由与中国同行的需
要。美国官员还多次在公开讲话中提出的扣留记者和公民的情况，并与政府高级官员进行私下见面。美国官员的工作与互联网门户网站和媒体组织扩大的性质和对许
多议题包括贸易，清洁能源发展讨论的质量，和美国的选举进程。
美国促进与国际公认的劳工标准。美国官员还监测了1992年美国和中国1994年签署的谅解备忘录的遵守情况，合作的声明，禁止监狱劳动产品的进口规定，
但他们得到非常有限的政府的合作。美国官员还探讨强迫劳动和童工的指控。中国政府通过全中国妇联工作，防止对妇女和儿童的劳动剥削贩运与国际劳动组织。
美国支持打击人口贩卖和促进对艾滋病的教育的计划。美国和中国政府对煤矿安全生产和职业安全根据一项谅解书进行交流，并在工资和工时管理，法律、安全以及
养老保障上进行交流。美国基金帮助在技术合作上解决争端并帮助开发涉及工人权利保护和法律援助的地方组织。
西藏
在承认西藏是中国的一部分的框架内，美国已敦促中共政府开始与达赖喇嘛解决问题关于改善在西藏的宗教自由和文化保护的问题，并倡导他们的代表进行关于人权
和西藏自治区以及其他藏族地区的宗教自由状况实质的性对话。美国一贯要求当局允许记者、外交官和其他国际观察员不加限制地进入该地区访问，并为呼吁释放所
有良心犯，并为所有被拘留者提供适当的治疗保障。美国官员继续公开呼吁中国停止在最近暴乱中扣动扳机的镇压政策。各级美国政府官员继续提高个人人权的案
件，涉及藏族，包括根敦确吉尼玛，由达赖喇嘛承认男童为班禅喇嘛的地位。美国政府寻求扩大与中国藏族居民，包括政府官员和宗教领袖通过国际访问者领袖计划
及其他交流的机会。
