Adopted
by the Human Rights Defenders and Civil Society Representatives
assembled at the 2nd Geneva Summit for Human Rights, Tolerance and
Democracy, March 9, 2010.
reamble We,
human rights defenders and representatives of civil society from all
regions of the world, having assembled here at the Second Geneva Summit
for Human Rights, Tolerance and Democracy,
Guided by the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, which guarantee the right to freedom of
opinion and expression, including the freedom to hold opinions without
interference, and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers,
Recognizing
that the Internet is a universal space for communication and the
exchange of ideas that can promote freedom and mutual understanding
among all people, regardless of race, religion, geography or economic
status,
Mindful that the Internet has become a primary
vehicle for communication in all sectors of life in a globalized
economic and civil society, requiring its transparency and openness to
function properly,
Believing that the preservation of a free
Internet is essential to the full enjoyment of human rights, civil
liberties and a free and democratic society,
Alarmed that
the situation of Internet freedom in many regions of the world is
increasingly perilous and under assault,
Acknowledging that
the intimidation and the use of technologies aimed at the restriction
and monitoring of Internet creates an environment of repression,
Affirming that suppression of independent thought by filtering,
monitoring and censoring of websites, online content, blogs and
messaging services constitutes a violation of Article 19 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
Recognizing that all
countries have obligations to guarantee Internet freedom,
Emphasizing that countries which enjoy secure and open Internet
technologies are obliged to prevent exported communications technologies
from being used as a vehicle for suppression and censorship, and that
Internet companies should take reasonable steps to avoid complicity
with, and liability for, violations of human rights,
Recognizing that the struggle for freedom of expression has today
largely shifted online as the Internet has become the means of choice
for political dissidents, democracy activists, human rights defenders
and independent journalists worldwide,
Considering that
there are particular countries in which the situation of Internet
freedom is under a grave and gathering threat, with imprisoned political
dissidents, journalists and bloggers who are in urgent need of
protection by the international community,
Recalling the
proposed 2008 Directive of the European Parliament concerning the EU
Global Online Freedom Act, in particular its finding that authoritarian
states such as Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, North
Korea, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and
Vietnam censor the internet by blocking websites and filtering search
results and intimidate internet users through cyber police and obliged
registration,
Deeply concerned that authorities in China
have seized computers, imprisoned individuals for sharing information
online, blocked and deleted blogs and other online services, and
incarcerated journalists and social activists for online activity,
Alarmed that authorities in Iran have acted to suppress the free flow
of information by blockading Internet traffic and suspending email
providers and messaging services, and have created a special police
division to hunt down Internet users suspected of so-called “insults and
spreading of lies” against the regime,
Deeply
disturbed that authorities in Cuba imposed near-total restrictions on
access through prohibitive user fees, few public access points and slow
connection speeds, and restricted distribution of service to a
state-controlled provider,
Decide to hereby adopt this
Declaration on Internet Freedom, in Geneva, Switzerland, on March 9,
2010;
Urge the United Nations Human Rights Council,
now meeting in its 13th Regular Session, to endorse this Declaration and
support the cause of Internet freedom in the face of repression;
Urge all other relevant United Nations and international bodies to
endorse this Declaration and support the cause of Internet freedom in
the face of repression;
Urge all like-minded supporters of
freedom, human rights and democracy to adopt similar declarations,
resolutions, or other statements to support the cause of Internet
freedom in the face of repression, and urge that these be submitted to
the United Nations.
Article 1 Everyone has the right
to equal access to the Internet, regardless of race, religion, ethnic or
geographical origin.
Article 2 Everyone has the right
to the free flow of information and freedom of expression without fear
of discrimination.
Article 3 Everyone has the right to
a transparent and open Internet without the subjection of individual
licensing or prohibitive, discriminatory requirements such as heavy
tolls.
Article 4 Everyone has the right to preserve
and protect their intellectual property, kept private and confidential
from invasion, seizure or monitoring.
Article 5
Everyone has a right to protect Internet access, Internet
infrastructure and communication technologies from government seizure.
Article 6 Everyone has a right to anonymity and online
privacy, free from intrusive monitoring by the state or third parties.
Article 7 Everyone has the right to encrypt or otherwise
secure their identities and the security of their information as it
travels across the Internet, to protect themselves and their information
from unwarranted monitoring.
Article 8 No one should
be allowed to export or sell technologies, equipment or software that
enables the restriction of Internet use or access for the purpose of
violating human rights.
Article 9 Internet providers
should not be allowed to provide governments, corporations or third
parties any information about their users without their legal consent.
Article 10 Any attempt to restrict or intimidate people
from free, uncensored, and secure access of the Internet constitutes a
fundamental abridgement of human rights and undermines the promotion of
peace and world order.
Article 11 The rights and
freedoms set out in this Declaration are guaranteed subject only to such
reasonable limits, prescribed by law, as may be demonstrably justified
in a free and democratic society. Nothing in this Declaration may be
interpreted as implying for any person any right to engage in any
activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the
rights and freedoms set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights.
Adopted by consensus, Geneva, March 9, 2010 作者: fantasist 时间: 2010-5-18 14:07
reamble